Dual-mass (dual-mass) flywheel - txoj cai, tsim, series

Los ntawm cov lus slang rau ib tug dual-mass los yog dual-mass ya, muaj ib tug ntaus ntawv hu ua ib tug dual-mass flywheel. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau kev sib kis ntawm torque los ntawm lub cav mus rau kev sib kis thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau lub log ntawm lub tsheb. Dual-mass flywheel tau nyiam cov pej xeem nyiam vim nws feem ntau txwv txoj sia. Kev sib pauv tsis yog tsuas yog siv zog, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj txiag, txij li lub hnab ntim muaj los ntawm ntau pua mus rau ib txhiab euros. Ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​cov lus nug ntawm lub tsheb ob lub log siv li cas, thaum muaj ib zaug tsis muaj teeb meem nrog tsheb.

Me ntsis ntawm txoj kev xav thiab keeb kwm

Lub reciprocating internal combustion engine yog ib tug kuj complex tshuab, lub lag luam uas yog cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv theem. Vim li no, lub flywheel txuas nrog lub crankshaft, lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog kinetic txaus los kov yeej kev tsis sib haum xeeb thaum lub sijhawm compression strokes (tsis ua haujlwm). Qhov no ua tiav, ntawm lwm yam, qhov xav tau uniformity ntawm lub cav. Lub cav khiav ntau dua qhov ntau lub tog raj kheej lub cav muaj lossis qhov loj (hnyav) flywheel. Txawm li cas los xij, lub flywheel hnyav dua txo lub cav muaj sia nyob thiab txo nws txoj kev npaj kom tig nrawm. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem pom, piv txwv li, nrog lub cav 1,4 TDi lossis 1,2 HTP. Nrog lub flywheel muaj zog dua, cov cav peb lub tog raj kheej no khiav qeeb thiab qeeb thiab. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm no yog, piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv qeeb qeeb. Qhov loj ntawm flywheel tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej (hauv-kab, diav rawg lossis boxer). Ib qho kev tawm tsam-cov menyuam tsis sib haum-cov menyuam lub cav yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntau npaum li cas sib npaug tshaj li, piv txwv li, hauv-kab plaub-lub tog raj kheej cav. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj muaj ib tug me me flywheel tshaj ib tug piv inline plaub-lub tog raj kheej cav. Qhov loj ntawm flywheel kuj cuam tshuam rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas, piv txwv li, niaj hnub diesel xyaw yuav luag txhua zaus xav tau lub flywheel. Piv nrog rau cov roj av counterparts, diesel xyaw feem ntau muaj qhov sib piv ntau dua compression, saum toj no uas lawv haus ntau dua ua haujlwm - lub zog kinetic ntawm lub flywheel rotating.

Lub zog kinetic Ek cuam tshuam nrog lub flywheel rotating yog suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:

Ib = 1/2·J ib 2

(qhov twg J yog lub sijhawm ntawm inertia ntawm lub cev txog lub axis ntawm kev sib hloov, ω yog lub angular tshaj tawm ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub cev).

Balance shafts kuj pab tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm tsis sib xws, tab sis lawv xav tau qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab los txhawb lawv. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tsis sib xws, lub sijhawm rov ua dua ntawm plaub lub sijhawm tseem ua rau torsional vibration, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsav tsheb thiab kev sib kis. Lub cev inertial loj ntawm lub cav combustion sab hauv muaj cov inertial masses ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub crank mechanism (sib npaug shafts), flywheel thiab clutch. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txaus los tshem tawm cov kev co tsis xav tau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj zog thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsawg dua cylindrical diesel xyaw. Yog li ntawd, kev sib kis thiab tag nrho cov tsav tsheb yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, vim tias cov resonance ntau dhau tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov nrawm, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm lub crankshaft thiab kis tau tus mob, lub cev tsis zoo vibrations, thiab hum ntawm lub tsheb sab hauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom meej hauv daim duab hauv qab no, uas qhia txog kev vibration amplitude ntawm lub cav thiab kis tau tus mob nrog cov pa thiab dual-mass flywheels. Kev vibration ntawm lub crankshaft ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub cav thiab oscillations ntawm qhov nkag ntawm qhov kis tau tus mob tau xyaum tib lub amplitude thiab zaus. Ntawm qee qhov nrawm, cov kev hloov pauv no sib tshooj, uas ua rau pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev tshwm sim tshwm sim.

Nws yog ib qho kev paub zoo tias cov cav diesel muaj zog dua li cov roj av cav, yog li lawv qhov hnyav dua (crank mechanism, txuas rods, thiab lwm yam). Sizing thiab sib npaug xws li lub cav yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj heev, cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov derivatives. Luv luv, lub cav combustion sab hauv yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej qhov hnyav thiab nruj, uas ua ke tsim ib qho system ntawm torsion springs. Xws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev, txuas nrog cov springs, nyiam oscillate ntawm ntau zaus thaum ua haujlwm (hauv load). Thawj qhov tseem ceeb band ntawm oscillation zaus nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2-10 Hz. Qhov zaus no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ntuj thiab siv tsis tau los ntawm ib tus neeg. Qhov thib ob zaus band yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 40-80 Hz, thiab peb pom cov kev vibrations li vibrations, thiab lub suab nrov nrov. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv yog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov resonance (40-80 Hz), uas nyob rau hauv kev xyaum txhais tau tias tsiv mus rau qhov chaw uas ib tug neeg tsis tshua muaj siab (txog 10-15 Hz).

Lub tsheb muaj ob peb lub tswv yim uas tshem tawm cov kev vibrations tsis kaj siab thiab suab nrov (tsim blocks, pulleys, suab rwb thaiv tsev), thiab ntawm cov tub ntxhais yog ib tug classic pa disc txhuam clutch. Ntxiv nrog rau kev xa tawm torque, nws txoj haujlwm tseem yog los ua kom lub zog torsional vibrations. Nws muaj cov springs uas, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tsis xav tau kev co, compress thiab nqus feem ntau ntawm nws lub zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov roj av cav feem ntau, lub peev xwm nqus ntawm ib lub clutch yog txaus. Ib txoj cai zoo sib xws tau siv rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab-90s, thaum cov lus dab neeg 1,9 TDi nrog Bosch VP rotary twj tso kua mis txaus nrog cov pa clutch thiab classic single-mass flywheel.

Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib muab lub zog ntau thiab ntau dua vim qhov ntim tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua (tus naj npawb ntawm thooj voos kheej kheej), kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tau los ua ntej, thiab, kawg tab sis tsis tsawg, qhov siab ntawm "pom flywheel " kuj tau tsim ntau thiab nruj dua cov qauv ib puag ncig. Feem ntau, qhov damping ntawm torsional vibrations tsis tuaj yeem muab los ntawm classical technology, thiab yog li ntawd qhov kev xav tau ntawm ob-loj flywheel tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog. Thawj lub tuam txhab los qhia ZMS (Zweimassenschwungrad) dual-mass flywheel yog LuK. Nws qhov kev tsim khoom loj tau pib xyoo 1985, thiab German BMW yog thawj tus tsim tsheb los qhia kev txaus siab rau lub cuab yeej tshiab. Lub dual-mass flywheel tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev txhim kho txij thaum ntawd los, nrog ZF-Sachs planetary iav tsheb ciav hlau tam sim no suav tias yog qhov siab tshaj plaws.

Dual mass flywheel - tsim thiab ua haujlwm

Dual-mass flywheel xyaum ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov pa flywheel, uas tseem ua haujlwm ntawm damping torsional vibrations thiab yog li loj tshem tawm tsis xav tau kev co thiab suab nrov. Lub dual-mass flywheel txawv ntawm classic ib qho hauv nws qhov tseem ceeb - flywheel - yog hloov tau yooj yim txuas nrog lub crankshaft. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau theem tseem ceeb (mus txog rau lub ncov ntawm compression) nws tso cai rau ib co deceleration ntawm lub crankshaft, thiab ces dua (thaum lub sij hawm expansion) ib co acceleration. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ceev ntawm flywheel nws tus kheej tseem nyob tas li, yog li qhov ceev ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm lub gearbox kuj tseem nyob tas li thiab tsis muaj kev vibration. Lub dual loj flywheel hloov nws lub zog kinetic linearly rau lub crankshaft, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rog ua rau lub cav nws tus kheej yog smoother, thiab lub ncov ntawm cov rog no qis dua, yog li lub cav kuj vibrates thiab shakes tus so ntawm lub cav tsawg dua. lub cev. Kev faib mus rau hauv thawj inertia ntawm lub cev muaj zog sab thiab theem nrab inertia ntawm lub gearbox sab tsub kom lub sij hawm ntawm inertia ntawm lub rotating qhov chaw ntawm lub gearbox. Qhov no txav cov resonant ntau yam mus rau qhov tsawg zaus (rpm) ntau dua li qhov tsis siv neeg ceev thiab yog li tawm ntawm qhov ntau ntawm lub cav khiav ceev. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub torsional vibrations generated los ntawm lub cav yog sib cais los ntawm cov kis tau tus mob, thiab kis tau tus mob suab nrov thiab lub cev roar tsis tshwm sim. Vim lub fact tias cov thawj thiab thib ob qhov chaw yog txuas nrog ib tug torsional vibration damper, nws muaj peev xwm siv ib tug clutch disc tsis muaj ib tug torsional ncua kev kawm ntawv.

Lub dual-mass flywheel kuj ua haujlwm raws li lub npe hu ua shock absorber. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws pab dampen clutch hits thaum lub iav hloov (thaum lub cav ceev yuav tsum tau sib npaug nrog lub log ceev) thiab kuj pab smoother pib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus uas muaj zog (caij nplooj ntoos hlav) nyob rau hauv lub dual-mass flywheel tas li lub log thiab tso cai rau lub flywheel txav dav dua thiab yooj yim dua txheeb ze rau lub crankshaft. Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lawv twb nkees lawm - lawv tau rub tawm tag nrho. Ntxiv rau kev ncab cov springs, flywheel hnav kuj txhais tau tias thawb tawm lub qhov ntawm lub xauv pins. Yog li, lub flywheel tsis tsuas yog tsis dampen oscillations (oscillations), tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsim lawv. Nres ntawm qhov txwv tsis pub dhau ntawm flywheel kev sib hloov pib tshwm sim, feem ntau yog pob thaum hloov lub zog, pib, tsuas yog nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej thaum lub clutch koom nrog lossis tshem tawm, lossis thaum hloov ceev. Hnav kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim raws li kev pib ua haujlwm jerky, ntau dhau kev co thiab suab nrov nyob ib ncig ntawm 2000 rpm, lossis kev co ntau dhau ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, dual pawg flywheels muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua hauv cov tshuab cylindrical tsawg (piv txwv li peb / plaub lub tog raj kheej) qhov twg qhov tsis sib xws yog ntau dua li ntawm rau lub tog raj kheej cav.

Structureally, ib tug dual-mass flywheel muaj ib tug thawj flywheel, ib tug thib ob flywheel, ib tug internal damper thiab ib tug sab nraud damper.

Yuav ua li cas cuam tshuam / Txuas lub neej ntawm Dual Mass Flywheel?

Flywheel lub neej yog cuam tshuam los ntawm nws tus qauv tsim nrog rau cov khoom ntawm lub cav uas nws tau nruab. Tib lub cav log los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom khiav 300 km ntawm qee lub cav, thiab qee qhov nws yuav siv sijhawm ib nrab xwb. Thawj lub hom phiaj yog los tsim dual-mass flywheels uas yuav muaj sia nyob mus rau tib lub hnub nyoog (km) raws li tag nrho lub tsheb. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov tseeb, lub flywheel feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov ua ntej, ntau zaus ua ntej clutch disc. Ntxiv rau qhov tsim ntawm lub cav thiab lub dual-mass flywheel nws tus kheej, tus neeg xyuas pib muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Txhua qhov xwm txheej ua rau kev sib kis ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv ib qho kev taw qhia lossis lwm qhov txo nws txoj kev pab cuam lub neej.

Txhawm rau kom lub neej ntev ntawm Dual Mass Flywheel, nws tsis pom zoo kom nquag tsav lub cav hauv qab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis dua 1500 rpm), ua rau lub clutch nyuaj (xws li tsis hloov thaum hloov lub zog), thiab tsis txhob poob lub cav (piv txwv li nres. lub cav). tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov tsim nyog ceev). Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 80 km / h koj tig tsis yog lub iav thib ob, tab sis thib peb lossis plaub thiab maj mam hloov mus rau qis dua). Qee tus neeg tsim khoom pom zoo (hauv qhov no VW) tias yog lub tsheb nres nrog lub tsheb nyob ruaj khov ntawm lub txhab nyiaj maj mam, lub tes tuav yuav tsum tau ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd lub iav (rov qab lossis XNUMXth iav) yuav tsum tau koom nrog. Txwv tsis pub, lub tsheb yuav txav me ntsis thiab lub dual-mass flywheel yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub npe hu ua kev koom tes mus tas li, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab (stretching ntawm springs). Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob siv lub roob ceev, thiab yog tias muaj, tsuas yog tom qab nres lub tsheb nrog lub tes tuav, kom tsis txhob ua rau me ntsis txav thiab lub sijhawm ntev tom ntej - kaw lub kaw lus kis tau tus mob, piv txwv li lub tshuab hluav taws xob dual-mass flywheel. . Ib qho kev nce hauv qhov kub ntawm lub clutch disc kuj tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev txo qis hauv lub neej ntawm dual-mass flywheel. Lub clutch overheats, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum towing ib tug hnyav trailer los yog lwm lub tsheb, tsav tsheb off-txoj kev, thiab lwm yam. Lub clutch yuav xauv nws tus kheej txawm tias lub cav tawg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias radiant tshav kub los ntawm lub clutch disc ua rau overheating ntawm ntau yam flywheel Cheebtsam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias nws yog ib tug lubricant to), uas ntxiv tsis zoo rau cov kev pab cuam lub neej.

Kho - hloov lub dual-mass flywheel thiab hloov nrog ib tug pa flywheel

Tsis muaj ib yam zoo li kho lub flywheel ntau dhau. Kev kho yuav hloov lub flywheel ua ke nrog lub clutch sib dhos (lamellae, compression spring, bearings). Kev kho tag nrho yog qhov nyuaj heev (kwv yees li 8-10 teev), thaum nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los rhuav tshem lub gearbox, thiab qee zaum txawm tias lub cav. Yog lawm, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab txog nyiaj txiag, qhov twg pheej yig tshaj flywheels yog muag rau txog 400 euros, qhov kim tshaj plaws - ntau tshaj 2000 euros. Vim li cas ho hloov lub clutch disc uas tseem nyob rau hauv zoo? Tab sis tsuas yog vim hais tias thaum muab lub clutch disc, nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm ua ntej nws mus, thiab lub sij hawm-siv txheej txheem, uas yog ob peb zaug kim tshaj lub clutch disc, yuav tsum tau rov qab. Thaum hloov lub flywheel, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los saib seb puas muaj cov qauv tshiab uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau mais - txhawb thiab pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb, tau kawg.

Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov ob-mas flywheel nrog ib qho classic, uas siv cov lamellas nrog lub torsion damper. Raws li twb tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, lub dual-mass flywheel, ntxiv rau nws txoj haujlwm yooj yim, kuj tseem ua haujlwm ntawm torsional vibration damper, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov txav ntawm lub cav (crankshaft) lossis gearbox. Rau qee qhov, kev co damping kuj tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov phaj sprung nws tus kheej, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov kev ua tau zoo ib yam li qhov muaj zog dua thiab nyuaj dual-mass flywheel. Ntxiv rau, yog tias nws yooj yim heev, nws yuav tau siv sijhawm ntev los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb thiab lawv cov tswv nyiaj txiag, uas niaj hnub ua haujlwm los txiav cov nqi. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nws tsis pom zoo kom hloov lub dual loj flywheel nrog ib tug loj flywheel.

Tsis txhob underestimate hloov ib tug hnav flywheel

Nws tsis pom zoo kom ncua qhov kev hloov ntawm lub flywheel ntau dhau lawm. Ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim saum toj no, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xoob (sib cais) ntawm ib feem ntawm flywheel. Ntxiv rau kev rhuav tshem lub flywheel nws tus kheej, lub cav lossis kev sib kis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev hnav flywheel ntau dhau kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm lub cav ceev sensor. Raws li cov ntsiab lus caij nplooj ntoos hlav maj mam hnav, ob qhov flywheel deflect ntau thiab ntau dua kom txog thaum lawv poob rau sab nraum qhov kam rau ua teeb tsa hauv chav tswj. Qee lub sij hawm qhov no ua rau cov lus yuam kev, thiab qee zaum, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub chaw tswj hwm sim hloov kho thiab tswj lub cav raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug. Qhov no ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab, qhov phem tshaj plaws, teeb meem pib. Qhov teeb meem no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nrog cov laus engine qhov twg lub crankshaft sensor pom kev txav ntawm cov zis sab ntawm lub dual-mass flywheel. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev hloov lub ntsuas phoo mounting, yog li hauv cov tshuab tshiab nws pom lub crankshaft nrawm ntawm lub log log log.