Diesels nrog SCR. Lawv puas yuav ua teeb meem?
Diesel cav muaj ntau thiab ntau ntxiv. Lub turbocharger, ib qho tom qab txias thiab lub tshuab lim dej yog cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Tam sim no muaj SCR lim.
BlueHDI, BlueTEC, SCR Blue Motion Technology tsuas yog qee cov cim uas tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no ntawm cov tsheb diesel. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov tsheb tau nruab nrog SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), i.e. muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen oxides los ntawm cov pa tso pa, uas cov catalyst yog ammonia qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua urea kua (AdBlue). . Lub kaw lus tseem nyob sab nraum lub cav, ib feem ua rau hauv lub cev (xws li hluav taws xob, sensors, lub tank, twj tso kua mis, AdBlue filling system, cov kua dej xa mus rau lub nozzle) thiab ib nrab rau hauv lub tshuab tso pa (kwv dej nozzle, catalytic module, nitrogen oxides). sensor). Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub kaw lus yog pub rau hauv lub tsheb qhov kev kuaj mob, uas tso cai rau tus neeg tsav tsheb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj dej ntxiv thiab qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm SCR system.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm SCR yog qhov yooj yim. Lub injector qhia cov tshuaj urea rau hauv cov pa tawm ua ntej SCR catalyst. Nyob rau hauv lub siab kub, cov kua decomposes rau hauv ammonia thiab carbon dioxide. Nyob rau hauv lub catalyst, ammonia reacts nrog nitrogen oxides los tsim volatile nitrogen thiab dej vapor. Ib feem ntawm ammonia tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj hloov mus rau volatile nitrogen thiab dej vapour. Kev thov ncaj qha ntawm ammonia yog tsis yooj yim sua vim nws cov toxicity siab thiab qias neeg. Li no cov aqueous tov ntawm urea, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xyaum tsis muaj ntxhiab, los ntawm cov ammonia yog muab rho tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub pa system ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic.
Cov tshuab tshiab uas txo cov nitrogen oxides hauv cov pa tawm tau hloov cov tshuab EGR yav dhau los, uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Euro 6 tus qauv qhia hauv xyoo 2014. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub tshuab Euro 6 yuav tsum muaj SCR system. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov tsav tsheb loj dua, qhov tsawg dua qhov hu ua "NOx ntxiab" lossis cov khoom siv khaws cia yuav txaus. Nws yog ntsia rau hauv lub tso pa tawm thiab ntes nitrogen oxides. Thaum lub sensor pom tias cov catalyst puv, nws xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub cav tswj hluav taws xob. Qhov kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, qhia cov injectors kom nce cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov roj ntawm ib ntus ntawm ob peb lub vib nas this thiaj li yuav hlawv cov oxides. Cov khoom kawg yog nitrogen thiab carbon dioxide. Yog li, lub chaw cia khoom catalytic converter ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov lim dej diesel, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li SCR catalytic converter, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm txog li 90% ntawm nitrogen oxides los ntawm cov pa roj. Tab sis "NOx ntxiab" tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv thiab kev siv AdBlue, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab heev.
Cov kws kho kom pom zoo:
BMW 3 Series e90 (2005-2012)
Txawm li cas los xij, lub chaw soj ntsuam tsheb yuav raug tshem tawm?
Cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau cov neeg tsav tsheb
Lag luam wholesale AdBlue yog pheej yig heev (PLN 2 ib liter), tab sis ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb roj nws tus nqi PLN 10-15 ib liter. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog tus nqi zoo dua ntawm cov chaw muab kev tso cai, qhov twg koj feem ntau yuav tsum tau them 2-3 npaug ntau dua rau nws. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias AdBlu tau yuav tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj lus nug txog cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum tau nqa hauv lub cev. Cov kua yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog thiab tsis ntev dhau. Tab sis lub warehouse tsis xav tau, vim hais tias kev noj cov tshuaj urea yog me me. Nws yog kwv yees li 5% ntawm kev siv roj, piv txwv li rau lub tsheb siv 8 l / 100 km ntawm diesel roj, kwv yees li 0,4 l / 100 km. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 km nws yuav yog li 4 litres, uas txhais tau hais tias kev noj ntawm 40-60 zł.
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm AdBlue nws tus kheej nce tus nqi ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm lub tsheb, txawm hais tias cov no tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev siv roj tsawg hauv cov cav nrog SCR catalytic converter. Thawj qhov teeb meem kuj tshwm sim, vim tias tsis muaj AdBlue hauv lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum nrhiav ib qho chaw muag khoom rau cov tshuaj urea tam sim tom qab cov lus hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau refuel. Thaum cov kua dej ntws tawm, lub cav yuav nkag mus rau hauv hom xwm txheej ceev. Tab sis cov teeb meem tiag tiag, thiab qhov hnyav dua, nyob rau lwm qhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog SCR system tuaj yeem siab dua. Nov yog cov npe ntawm cov kev txhaum uas tuag taus ntawm SCR system:
Tsawg kub - AdBlue khov ntawm -11 ºC. Thaum lub cav khiav, cov cua kub ntawm ib sab ntawm AdBlue tank ua kom cov kua tsis khov thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis thaum lub tsheb pib tom qab ib hmo frosty, AdBlue freezes. Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv nws mus rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm txias kom txog thaum lub tshuab cua sov tau coj AdBlue mus rau lub xeev ua kua thiab tus tswj tau txiav txim siab tias kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem pib. Thaum kawg, cov tshuaj urea raug txhaj, tab sis tseem muaj cov urea crystals hauv lub tank uas tuaj yeem thaiv AdBlue injector thiab cov twj tso kua mis. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, lub cav yuav poob. Qhov xwm txheej yuav tsis rov zoo li qub kom txog thaum tag nrho cov urea yaj. Tab sis urea crystals tsis yaj yooj yim ua ntej lawv tsis muaj crystalline lawm, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau AdBlue injector thiab twj tso kua mis puas. Tus tshiab AdBlue injector raug nqi tsawg kawg yog ob peb puas PLN, thaum lub twj tso kua mis tshiab (ua ke nrog lub tank) tus nqi ntawm 1700 thiab ntau txhiab PLN. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias qhov ntsuas kub qis tsis ua haujlwm rau AdBlue. Thaum khov thiab thawing, cov kua degrades. Tom qab ob peb yam kev hloov pauv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov nws nrog ib qho tshiab.
Tshav kub - ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 30 ºC, urea hauv AdBlue condenses thiab decomposes rau hauv cov organic tshuaj hu ua biuret. Koj tuaj yeem hnov qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm ammonia ze ntawm AdBlue tank. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus urea tsawg dhau, SCR catalytic converter tsis tuaj yeem teb tau zoo, thiab yog tias lub tswb ntsuas lub tsheb tsis teb, lub cav yuav nkag mus rau hauv hom xwm txheej ceev. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom txias koj lub tank AdBlue yog nchuav dej txias rau nws.
Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob - yog tias siv kom raug, kev puas tsuaj rau lub twj tso kua mis lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntawm AdBlue injector yog qhov tsawg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nitric oxide sensors tsis tshua muaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, sensors feem ntau kim dua li cov tshuaj txhaj. Lawv raug nqi los ntawm ob peb puas mus rau yuav luag 2000 zł.
Kev qias neeg - AdBlue muab qhov system tsis zam kev kis kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj roj. Txawm tias ib qho me me ntawm nws yuav ua rau lub installation puas. Funnels thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsim nyog rau kev ntxiv cov tshuaj urea yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj. AdBlue yuav tsum tsis txhob diluted nrog dej, vim qhov no yuav ua rau lub catalytic converter puas. AdBlue yog 32,5% daws ntawm urea hauv dej, qhov piv txwv no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum.
SCR tshuab tau nruab rau ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom txij li xyoo 2006, thiab ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb txij li xyoo 2012. Tsis muaj leej twg tsis lees paub qhov yuav tsum tau siv lawv, vim tias kev tshem tawm cov khoom phom sij hauv cov pa tawm yog qhov ua tau zoo rau peb txhua tus. Tab sis ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv, SCR tau ua nws qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws, ua rau muaj kev cob qhia cov neeg siv khoom thiab cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem zoo li cov lim dej, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov tswv tsheb ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev siv nyiaj ntau heev. Tsis xav tias kev lag luam tau hnov zoo tib yam li cov lim dej. Muaj cov kev cob qhia uas tshem tawm AdBlue txhaj tshuaj thiab nruab ib lub emulator tshwj xeeb uas qhia lub tsheb qhov kev kuaj mob tias cov lim tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev ncaj ncees sab ntawm xws li ib tug tsis ntseeg, tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg tsav tsheb uas tau nkag mus tob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm SCR thiab nkag mus rau hauv lawv lub hnab nyiaj. Cov kev cai lij choj tawm tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg - qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm SCR lim yog txhaum cai, vim nws ua txhaum cov cai rau kev pom zoo ntawm lub tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg yuav sim kuaj xyuas qhov kev coj ua no, xws li tshem tawm cov lim dej.
