Dab tsi yog hydrocracked roj

Ib qho tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm lub cev muaj zog - cov roj hydrocracking - tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas sib xyaw ntawm cov tswv tsheb. Ib txhia xav txog qhov no lubricant qhov zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub kev loj hlob. Lwm tus neeg saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab hais lus tsis zoo txog nws. Ua ntej kos cov lus xaus, nws tsim nyog nkag siab txog cov roj hydrocracking - nws yog dab tsi, nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yog dab tsi, thiab seb nws puas tsim nyog xaiv lubricants ntawm qhov zoo rau koj lub tsheb.

Txheem

• 1 Dab tsi yog hydrocracked roj
  • 1.1 Tshuab ntau lawm
  • 1.2 Yooj yim zog
  • 1.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
• 2 HC los yog hluavtaws: xaiv dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv
  • 2.1 Hloov los ntawm hluavtaws rau hydrocracked roj
  • 2.2 Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv cov roj hydrocracked los ntawm hluavtaws
    • 2.2.1 Video: HC lubricants

Dab tsi yog hydrocracked roj

Hydrocracking yog txheej txheem rau refining cov roj hauv paus los tsim cov roj hauv paus nrog cov yam ntxwv siab viscosity. HC synthesis technology yog tsim los ntawm American chemists nyob rau hauv 1970s. Thaum lub sij hawm hydrocatalytic ua, "phem" cov roj feem yog hloov mus rau hauv carbohydrates. Kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho "dej dej ntxhia" rau hauv "synthetics" ntawm qhov zoo dua yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Ntawm ib sab, HC-roj yog tsim los ntawm cov roj, zoo li cov roj ntxhia, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, cov qauv molecular ntawm lub hauv paus hloov pauv loj heev. Lub resulting muaj pes tsawg leeg kiag li poob cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntxhia roj.

Muaj ntau ntau hom hydrocracking

Tshuab ntau lawm

Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm GK-roj yuav tso cai rau kev kawm txog kev siv tshuab ntau lawm. Hydrocracking yog ib txoj kev ntawm refining puag ntxhia roj, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom kawg los ze zog mus rau synthetics. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj yog roj, cov qauv molecular uas tau hloov pauv siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Kev ntxuav muaj peb theem:

1. Dewaxing. Kev tshem tawm ntawm paraffins los ntawm cov roj ua rau muaj kev nce hauv qhov khov ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
2. Hydrotreating. Nyob rau theem no, cov khoom siv hydrocarbon yog saturated nrog hydrogen thiab yog li hloov lawv cov qauv. Cov roj tau txais kev tiv thaiv rau cov txheej txheem oxidation.
3. Hydrocracking yog tshem tawm cov sulfur thiab nitrogen tebchaw. Nyob rau theem no purification, lub nplhaib yog cleaved, bonds yog saturated, thiab paraffin chains yog tawg.

Peb-theem purification tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov roj uas tsis tsim nyog impurities thiab tau txais cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas txawv ntawm cov ntxhia li niaj zaus, hluavtaws lossis semi-synthetic. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab faib HC-roj ua ib pawg ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem.

Hydrocracking technology

Tom qab cov txheej txheem refining, cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau nkag mus rau hauv cov roj kom muab nws cov khoom kawg thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov roj ntsha zoo.

Yooj yim zog

Lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj cav muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov viscosity. Cov roj thickest yog cov ntxhia, lub thinnest yog hluavtaws. Hydrocracking roj, nrog rau semi-synthetic, yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm. Lub peculiarity ntawm no lubricant yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm technology nws yog ze rau cov ntxhia, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj zog - rau hluavtaws.

Hom roj no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si ntxhia thiab hluavtaws roj.

Lub hauv paus tsim los ntawm hydrocracking thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho cov khoom piv rau cov pob zeb hauv av. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm purity, xws li cov roj yog nyob ze rau cov khoom hluavtaws, tab sis lawv muaj tus nqi qis dua.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb! HC-synthesis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov roj nplua nyeem nrog viscosity Performance index ntawm 150 units, thaum cov roj ntxhia roj muaj viscosity tsuas yog 100 units. Kev taw qhia txog cov tshuaj ntxiv coj cov hydrocracking compositions ze li sai tau rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Multi-theem distillation ntawm cov roj nrog cov khoom ntxiv nrog cov khoom ntxiv ua rau HA kua ua cov roj lubricating zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm no lubricant yog raws li nram no:

• Kev ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuab lossis thermal overloads;
• Tsawg aggressiveness rau elastomers;
• Resistance rau tsim ntawm deposits;
• tsis kam rau deformation;
• Qhov zoo tshaj plaws viscosity;
• Tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam;
• Siab solubility ntawm additives;
• Kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig.

Hydrocracked roj muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Nrog pom tseeb qhov zoo, hom roj no muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo:

• Nce evaporation;
• Txaus siab rau provoke tsim ntawm corrosion;
• Kev laus sai sai thiab, vim li ntawd, yuav tsum tau hloov ntau zaus.

Txawm tias muaj qee qhov tsis txaus, ntau tus tswv tsheb hais lus zoo txog nws txoj kev siv. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoo, nws yog me ntsis inferior tsuas yog rau high-chav kawm hluavtaws roj nrog lub siab tshaj plaws nqi. Qhov zoo dua ntawm cov khoom sib xws ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws yog tus nqi qis dua.

HC los yog hluavtaws: xaiv dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv

Thaum kawg ntawm kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm HA puag, nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm cov roj ntxhia, tab sis nws tsis ncav cuag qib siab "synthetics". Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov roj tshiab yog qhov sib thooj rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws thaum txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Raws li txoj cai, nruj zoo saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem lav qhov tau txais cov khoom lag luam uas xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj li no yuav cuam tshuam rau tus nqi tam sim ntawd, yog li lub hom phiaj tsis zoo li yuav ua kom ncaj ncees. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab nyiam "golden txhais tau tias": tsis muaj cov khoom ntawm cov ntxhia roj hauv cov khoom tshiab, tab sis nws tseem tsis yog hluavtaws.

Kev xaiv roj yuav tsum yog raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub cav tsheb

Tab sis kev lag luam chemical tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab txhua yam zoo rau cov tswv tsheb. Synthetics thiab hydrocracking muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:

1. Synthetic roj withstands zoo kawg overloads, high speeds, ingress rau hauv cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo. "Synthetics" ua haujlwm ob zaug ntev li HA thiab tiv taus cua sov.
2. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm hloov kub, hydrocracking muaj ib tug meej kom zoo dua. Cov khoom no khaws cov viscosity ntawm ob qho tib si siab thiab qis qis. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb rau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Nws txaus tsuas yog hloov lossis ntxiv cov roj nplaum ntau dua li "synthetics".
3. Thaum siv GK-roj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev pib lub cav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub zog tau txhim kho. Cov khoom muaj zoo lubricating zog piv rau "synthetics". Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom ntxiv poob sai txaus, thiab cov roj nplua nyeem muaj hnub nyoog.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb! Thaum xaiv lub roj nplua nyeem rau lub cav, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsheb lub cev muaj zog qhia hauv phau ntawv qhia. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb: nyob rau hauv qee thaj tsam, txoj kev mob cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov roj txhaws, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom yuav cov khoom kim heev rau kev siv mus ntev.

Hloov los ntawm hluavtaws rau hydrocracked roj

Lub tshuab ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov los ntawm hluavtaws mus rau hydrocracked roj nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cav. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb qub, tom qab tso dej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem tawm lub lauj kaub thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov av thiab soot, uas tsis muaj dej ntws los pab tshem tawm.

Cov txheej txheem hloov cov roj yog yooj yim thiab tsis pub dhau lub hwj chim ntawm txhua tus tswv tsheb

Nyob rau hauv cov tsheb tshiab, nws yog txaus los hloov cov roj ob. Tom qab nqus cov hluavtaws, lawv sau hauv hydrocracking thiab tsav 200-300 km. Tom qab ntawd qhov no ntawm cov roj yog drained thiab ib tug tshiab yog poured.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb! Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias thaum hloov los ntawm cov roj ntawm cov chav kawm siab dua mus rau qis dua, kev hloov pauv yooj yim txaus, tsis muaj dej ntws tawm thiab rov ua dua.

Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv cov roj hydrocracked los ntawm hluavtaws

Yog tias tus tswv tsheb tau xaiv cov roj hydrocracking, nws yuav muaj qee qhov nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas nws. Cov lus qhia nkaus xwb rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis paub feem ntau yog cov ntawv sau sib thooj ntawm lub pob. Qee cov tuam txhab tsim cov hydrocracking nrog cov ntawv Latin HC. Tab sis feem ntau tsis muaj cov cim cim ntawm lub pob, yog li cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom:

1. Tus nqi Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm HA khoom yog tsawg dua li "synthetics", yog li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kawg yog qis dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov roj no yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li cov roj ntxhia.
2. Cov yam ntxwv uas tsis meej pem hauv lub ntsiab lus. Lub koom haum American Petroleum tau sib npaug cov roj hydrocracked nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yog li ntau lub tuam txhab qhia qee qhov tsis meej meej rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom lag luam: lawv tsis sau "100% Synthetic" ntawm daim ntawv lo, tab sis sau txog kev siv "synthetic technologies". Yog tias muaj cov lus zoo sib xws ntawm lub txhab nyiaj, HC roj nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.

Txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm cov roj hydrocracking los ntawm hluavtaws, koj yuav tsum paub qee qhov nuances

Cov ntsuas no tsuas yog qhia ncaj qha rau lub hauv paus siv los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm hydrocracking los ntawm cov khoom hluavtaws tsuas yog hauv chav kuaj. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuas pom tseeb uas koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum xaiv lub roj nplua nyeem:

• Lub inscription "Vollsynthetisches" yog txaus thaum lub lubricant yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees: ntawm no lub tswvyim ntawm hluavtaws roj yog qhia meej meej nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lij choj theem;
• Cov roj cim 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W feem ntau yog "hydrocracking" lossis "semi-synthetics";
• ZIC roj thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov thawj lubricants rau Japanese tsheb yog tshwj xeeb hydrocracked.

Video: HC lubricants

HYDROCRACKING OILS: Nws yog dab tsi

Vim qhov piv ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov zoo, cov roj hydrocracking tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees tias nrog kev txhim kho tas li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm, hom roj nplua nyeem tuaj yeem dhau "synthetics" raws li kev siv ntau zaus.