nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau? Cov cim qhia ntawm kev tawg, yees duab
Txheem
Tsheb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm roj, yuav luag tag nrho lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tso tawm rau hauv cov huab cua, ntxiv rau ntau yam tebchaw: nitrogen, dej vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide thiab oxides, soot, benzapyrene. Cov neeg nyob hauv megacities tswj kom paub txog tag nrho cov "kev ntxim nyiam" ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim: mob taub hau, mob ntsws, mob qog noj ntshav, ua pa thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, av, dej hauv av raug kev txom nyem.
Muaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem: kom txo qis cov pa phem kom ntau li ntau tau. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov tuam txhab tsheb yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov roj-cua sib tov, thiab nruab cov catalytic converters thiab catalysts hauv cov pa tawm. Dab tsi yog catalyst, nws ua haujlwm li cas, yuav hloov li cas - peb yuav xav txog cov teeb meem no hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no ntawm vodi.su portal.
catalytic converter hauv tsheb
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, lub catalyst yog ib qho cuab yeej siv los lim cov pa roj. Tab sis, tsis zoo li cov lim dej ib txwm siv, tus neeg nruab nrab ntxuav cov pa tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas cov tshuaj nquag nkag mus. Nco ntsoov tias txawm tias lub converter tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog XNUMX% tu, nws tsuas yog tsim los txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj hauv qab no:
- hydrocarbons;
- nitric oxide;
- oxides ntawm carbon.
Nws yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj gases thiab ua rau muaj qhov phem tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, smog nyob ze ntawm txoj kev loj loj tshwm sim vim muaj ntau tshaj ntawm hydrocarbons (soot) hauv huab cua. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab nitrogen monoxide yog cov pa phem uas ua rau cov pa tawm qhov tsw ntxhiab. Lawv inhalation rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv ua rau tuag.
Txhua yam ntawm peb lub tso pa tawm yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau hom converter:
- platinum;
- rhodium;
- palladium.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev hloov pauv catalytic, kub yog txau rau saum npoo ntawm honeycombs los ntawm kev tso pa tawm. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov no yog cov khoom kim heev uas muaj nqi heev. Vim li no, hloov lub converter tsis yog qhov zoo siab pheej yig.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: thaum molecules, piv txwv li, nitric oxide react nrog rhodium, nitrogen atoms khi thiab khom rau ntawm daim hlau, thiab cov pa tawm tawm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation kuj tseem ua tau - vim qhov kub thiab txias nce, cov pa tawm yog oxidized, thiab cov teeb meem hauv nws tsuas yog hlawv tawm thiab nyob ntawm cov honeycombs.
Nco ntsoov tias rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm lub catalytic converter, nws yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pa oxygen mus rau cov roj raug tshem tawm hauv cov roj-cua sib tov. Cov pa oxygen sensors tau nruab rau ntawm qhov nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub converter, uas txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pa pa. Yog tias pom muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau los yog nitrogen, cov teeb liab sib xws raug xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj on-board.
Catalyst malfunctions: yuav ua li cas hem lub cav?
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb heev tias, zoo li hauv cov khoom lim dej, dhau sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los sib sau ua ke hauv lub converter thiab nws yuav tsum tau hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov tso pa tawm yuav ua tsis tau rau lwm yam laj thawj:
- roj tsis zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm sulfur, paraffin, additives;
- engine malfunctions, vim hais tias cov roj tsis hlawv kiag li;
- kev puas tsuaj.
Yog hais tias lub catalytic converter ua hauj lwm ib txwm, soot deposits yuav hlawv tawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, vim qhov kub thiab txias, hlau los yog ceramic honeycombs yaj, thaiv qhov tawm ntawm cov khoom combustion. Lub cav, raws li cov neeg tsav tsheb hais, pib choke.
Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias lub converter yog tag nrho clogged:
- traction thiab throttle teb yog ploj;
- muaj teeb meem nrog kev pib lub zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no "nyob rau lub caij txias";
- txo qhov ceev - txawm tias lub throttle qhib rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub tachometer qhia tsuas yog 2,5-3,5 txhiab kiv puag ncig ib feeb.
Yog tias peb tsis pib tshem tawm cov teeb meem no raws sijhawm, cov teeb meem loj dua tos peb: soot pib tso ncaj qha rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntawm lub muffler thiab hauv qhov tso pa tawm, peb yuav tsum thauj lub cav ntawm lub zog tag nrho, uas ua rau thaum ntxov hnav ntawm pistons thiab lub tog raj kheej.
Hloov chaw hloov catalytic
Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem no, uas peb tau tham yav dhau los ntawm vodi.su lub vev xaib. Txoj hauv kev pom tseeb tshaj plaws yog mus rau koj lub tuam txhab automaker lub khw muag khoom thiab xaj kom lub installation ntawm tus tshiab qub catalyst. Qhov kev pabcuam tsis pheej yig. Tab sis ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov cartridges lawv tus kheej (kho cov blocks), uas yog pheej yig dua. Lwm txoj kev tawm: yog tias cov honeycombs yog ceramic, yuav ib lub thaiv nrog hlau honeycombs. Tus nqi yuav nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4000 rubles thiab saum toj no ntxiv rau installation.
Yog tias koj tsis xav siv cov nyiaj zoo li no, tsis yog tus neeg nruab nrab, lawv muab lub thawv ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab lub snag es tsis txhob lambda sojntsuam. Tau kawg, kev txuag nyiaj yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb, lub cav yuav ua haujlwm ntau dua dynamically. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tias cov tshuaj lom yuav tsis ua raws li Euro 6, 5, 4 tus qauv, uas yog, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem mus txawv tebchaws ntawm lub tsheb zoo li no, thiab tsis ntev txawm tias mus rau Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog loj. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis pom zoo ua qhov "kho" zoo li no. Lub catalyst yog ib qho kev tsim zoo heev uas pab txhim kho cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb, thiab thaum tshem tawm, nco ntsoov tias koj thiab koj cov me nyuam ua pa, thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv nyob ntawm nws cov pa phem.
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