Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm antifreeze thiab antifreeze?
Txheem
Lub ntsiab lus qab lub npe
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias lub npe "antifreeze" stands rau "coolant". Yog hais tias txhais lus, ces anti - "tawm tsam", khov - "txias, khov".
Antifreeze yog ib lub npe coined uas tau muab nyob rau hauv lig 1960s rau ib tug tshiab tsim domestic coolant. Thawj peb tsab ntawv ("tos") sawv cev rau "organic synthesis technology". Thiab qhov xaus ("ol") yog coj los ntawm cov tshuaj nomenclature uas tau lees paub siv los xaiv cov cawv (ethanol, butanol, thiab lwm yam). Raws li lwm yam version, qhov xaus yog muab los ntawm cov ntawv luv "sib cais kuaj", thiab nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm.
Ntawd yog, antifreeze tsis yog lub npe lag luam ntawm ib hom, thiab tsis yog ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov coolants. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog lub npe nrov rau txhua tus coolants. Xws li antifreeze. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov dej hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws raws li hauv qab no: antifreeze - domestic, antifreeze - txawv teb chaws. Txawm technically nws tsis yog lawm.
Antifreeze thiab antifreeze G11
Feem ntau ntawm cov coolants niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm peb lub ntsiab:
- ethylene glycol (los yog propylene glycol rau cov kua kim dua thiab thev naus laus zis);
- distilled dej;
- tshuaj ntxiv.
Saib ua ntej, peb nco ntsoov: antifreeze thiab G11 antifreeze yog yuav luag zoo tib yam khoom. Cov proportions ntawm ethylene glycol thiab dej nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov kua dej khov. Tab sis feem ntau, rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab G11 antifreeze, qhov kev faib ua feem no yog kwv yees li 50/50 (rau cov kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej txias no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub txog -40 ° C).
Cov additives siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kua yog inorganic nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Cov no feem ntau yog ntau yam borates, phosphates, nitrates thiab silicates. Tsis muaj cov qauv uas txwv cov proportions ntawm additives thiab cov qauv tshuaj raws nraim ntawm cov khoom. Muaj tsuas yog cov kev cai dav dav uas cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tau ua tiav (theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab cua txias, kev siv ntawm kev tshem tawm cua sov, kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig).
Ethylene glycol yog tshuaj lom neeg rau ob qho tib si hlau thiab roj hmab thiab yas qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Kev ua phem tsis tau hais tawm, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov dej cawv dihydric tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kav dej, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab txawm tias lub tsho txias.
Antifreeze additives G11 thiab antifreeze tsim ib zaj duab xis tiv thaiv ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab cua txias, uas txo qhov kev ua phem ntawm ethylene glycol. Tab sis zaj duab xis no ib nrab tiv thaiv tshav kub dissipation. Yog li ntawd, G11 antifreeze thiab antifreeze tsis yog siv rau "kub" motors. Tsis tas li ntawd, antifreeze muaj lub neej ua haujlwm luv me ntsis dua li tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv freezes. Yog hais tias nws yog ntshaw kom hloov lub antifreeze tom qab 2-3 xyoo (nyob ntawm seb lub zog ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub tsheb), lub antifreeze guarantees kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov dej num rau 3 xyoo.
Antifreeze thiab antifreeze G12, G12 + thiab G12 ++
G12 antifreeze puag (G12+ thiab G12++) kuj muaj cov sib xyaw ntawm ethylene glycol thiab dej. Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov additives.
Rau G12 antifreeze, thiaj li hu ua organic additives twb tau siv (raws li carboxylic acid). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm xws li ib tug additive yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub zos tsim ntawm ib tug insulating txheej ntawm ib qhov chaw puas los ntawm corrosion. Ntawd yog, ib feem ntawm lub kaw lus uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim raug kaw los ntawm carboxylic acid compounds. Qhov kev siv ntawm kev raug ethylene glycol txo qis, thiab cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj qeeb.
Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog qhov no, carboxylic acid tsis cuam tshuam rau cov cua sov hloov. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tshem tawm cov cua sov, G12 antifreeze yuav ua tau zoo tshaj li antifreeze.
Hloov kho versions ntawm G12 + thiab G12 ++ coolants muaj ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic additives. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov organic ua ntej. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv uas yog tsim los ntawm borates, silicates thiab lwm yam sib txuas yog nyias, thiab nws xyaum tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov hluav taws xob. Thiab cov organic tebchaw, yog tias tsim nyog, thaiv qhov chaw puas ntawm cov cua txias thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov chaw corrosion.
Tsis tas li ntawd, chav kawm G12 antifreezes thiab nws cov derivatives muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua, txog 2 zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog 2-5 npaug siab dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Antifreeze G13
G13 antifreeze siv propylene glycol ua lub hauv paus. Cov cawv no kim dua los tsim, tab sis nws tsis nruj thiab tsis muaj kuab lom rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Cov tsos ntawm no coolant yog ib tug qauv ntawm Western qauv. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm Western automotive kev lag luam, muaj lub siab xav txhim kho ib puag ncig.
G13 additives zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg rau G12 + thiab G12 ++ antifreezes. Lub neej ua haujlwm yog li 5 xyoos.
Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam kev ua haujlwm, antifreeze hopelessly poob rau txawv teb chaws coolants G12 +, G12 ++ thiab G13. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm antifreeze piv nrog G13 antifreeze yog li 8-10 npaug qis. Thiab rau cov tsheb yooj yim nrog cov cav txias, nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab tias yuav siv cov khoom txias li no. Ordinary antifreeze los yog G11 antifreeze yog txaus. Tsuas yog tsis txhob hnov qab hloov lub coolant nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, thiab yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog overheating.
