British self-propelled phom Npis Sov thiab Sexton

Self-propelled phom Sexton II nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub 1st Motorized Artillery Regiment ntawm lub 1st Armored Division ntawm lub Polish Army nyob rau sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Polish tub rog khoom nyob rau hauv Warsaw.

Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov teb chaws sib ntaus sib tua muaj, tshwj xeeb, los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pab hluav taws kub rau kev faib cov tank. Nws tau pom tseeb tias txawm hais tias lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb, cov tso tsheb hlau luam feem ntau raug rho tawm ncaj qha, ib tus neeg tua hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj pom thaum sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv kev txiav txim siab, tso tsheb hlau luam yog cov khw muag khoom - rhuav tshem ib lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, txawm hais tias ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Artillerymen - wholesalers. Volley tom qab volley ntawm kaum, ob peb lub kaum thiab txawm ob peb puas chim tawm tsam pab pawg neeg lub hom phiaj, feem ntau nyob rau ntawm qhov deb tshaj qhov pom kev.

Qee zaum qhov kev txhawb nqa no xav tau. Koj yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws kub ntau los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab ua kom puas, rhuav tshem cov pa roj carns, rhuav tshem cov ntxaij vab tshaus, rhuav tshem tshuab-phom zes, ua kom poob rau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab infantry. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog yeeb ncuab xav tsis thoob los ntawm lub suab nrov nrov, ntshai rau lawv tus kheej lub neej thiab pom cov phooj ywg raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov phom loj. Lub siab xav sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov xwm txheej no tsis muaj zog, thiab cov neeg tua neeg tuag tes tuag taw los ntawm kev ntshai ntawm tib neeg. Muaj tseeb tiag, qhov pom ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ua pa tso tsheb hlau luam uas zoo li tsis tuaj yeem nres kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, tab sis phom loj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev hwm no.

Thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tau pom tias cov phom loj uas muaj phom sij tsis tau ua nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tsav tsheb. Ua ntej, tom qab tau txais cov haujlwm tua hluav taws, tshem cov phom los ntawm cov tsheb laij teb (kev faib tawm) thiab nruab rau hauv cov chaw tua hluav taws thiab muab cov mos txwv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam los ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los tau siv sijhawm, zoo li rov qab mus rau txoj haujlwm taug kev. Qhov thib ob, cov phom cab yuav tsum tau txav mus rau hauv txoj kev av, kom deb li deb raws li huab cua tso cai: av nkos lossis daus feem ntau txwv kev txav ntawm lub tsheb laij teb, thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau txav mus rau "tshaj rough terrain." Artillery feem ntau yuav tsum tau mus ncig kom nkag mus rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tam sim no ntawm chav tsev armored.

Qhov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm howitzer self-propelled field artillery. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, 105 mm Wespe thiab 150 mm Hummel howitzers tau txais yuav. Qhov zoo M7 105mm tus kheej-propelled rab phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab muab lub npe pov thawj los ntawm cov neeg Askiv. Nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub armored hull cia siab rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm armored phom, uas, txawm li cas los xij, muaj feem ntau yuav tua ncaj tom ntej, txawm tias peb tab tom tham txog 122-mm howitzers SU-122 thiab 152-mm howitzers ISU- 152.

Tsis tas li ntawd hauv Great Britain thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tus kheej-propelled field artillery pieces tau tsim. Lub ntsiab thiab xyaum tib hom kev pab cuam yog Sexton nrog nrov 87,6 hli (25 lb) howitzer. Yav dhau los, Npis Sov rab phom tau tshwm sim hauv qhov tsawg heev, tab sis nws keeb kwm txawv thiab tsis cuam tshuam txog qhov yuav tsum tau muab cov tub rog tua phom rau cov tub rog.

Ib rab phom tus kheej nrog lub npe hu ua Ordnance QF 25-pdr raws li Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, uas tsis raug cai (thiab tom qab raug cai) hu ua Npis Sov. Lub tsheb uas pom muaj nyob rau ntawm 121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, uas tau koom nrog hauv Kev Sib Tw Thib Ob ntawm El Alamein (Lub Kaum Hli 23 - Kaum Ib Hlis 4, 1942).

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1941, German Afrika Korps tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv North Africa. Nrog rau qhov no, maneuvering kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib tug unprecedented scale pib. Cov tub rog Askiv tsis tau npaj txhij rau qhov no, tab sis tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias txawm tias cov pab pawg txhawb nqa ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua yeeb ncuab xav tsis thoob hauv thaj chaw uas nws tsis tau xav txog ua ntej yuav tsum muaj kev kub ceev ceev, ob qho tib si teb thiab tiv thaiv tank. -tank artillery, tsis hais txog qhov xav tau kev hloov pauv sai ntawm armored thiab infantry units. Kev vam meej ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lawv cov armored units kuj feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm cov phom loj hauv kev sib tsoo nrog cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias British tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua tub rog yuav luag tshwj xeeb nrog 40-mm (2-pounder) phom, uas muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub kov yeej cov hom phiaj tsis muaj phom sij.

sib ntaus sib tua thiab manpower ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam. Nrog rau cov tshiab German Pz IIIs thiab (tom qab ntawd tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Africa) Pz IVs nrog ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej armor (Pz III Ausf. G thiab Pz IV Ausf. E) nws nyuaj heev los cuam tshuam nrog British QF 2-pounder (2-pounder) anti - tank - tank phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.) cal. 40 mm. Tom qab ntawd nws muab tawm tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau ua tiav thaum siv 25-mm teb 87,6-phaus howitzer. Armor-piercing shells tau nkag mus rau hauv rab phom no thaum ntxov li xyoo 1940. Cov no yog cov plhaub tsis muaj cov khoom tawg uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau armor inclined ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 ° mus rau ntsug, 62 hli tuab ntawm 500 m thiab 54 hli ntawm 1000 m., thaum rab phom 40 hli los tiv thaiv tank tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam. kom tau txais kev nkag mus ntawm 52-mm armor los ntawm 500 m thiab 40-mm armor los ntawm 1000 m. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nws kuj tau paub meej tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev hloov ceev ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv tank artillery ua rau nws tus kheej-propelled kev daws teeb meem. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 40 mm rab phom tiv thaiv tank tau teeb tsa lawv cov phom rau ntawm lub crate ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm qhov ntawd, tab sis cov tsheb tsis muaj phom sij no muaj kev phom sij rau cov yeeb ncuab tua.

Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus tshiab tus kheej-propelled rab phom, armed nrog ib tug 25-phaus 87,6-mm teb howitzer, yog kev sib ntaus tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam. Xws li yog qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog uas txhua yam tab sis ploj mus nrog kev qhia txog 6 hli 57-pounder phom tiv thaiv tank, uas ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua li ob qho uas tau hais dhau los: 85mm armor nkag los ntawm 500m thiab 75mm armor penetration los ntawm 1000m.

Nws tus kheej-propelled phom Npis Sov

Lub phom 25-pounder, suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws armament rau cov phiaj xwm nws tus kheej-propelled phom, yog lub ntsiab British divisional phom tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 30s. Nws tau siv los ua ib tug towed ib mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm tsov rog, thiab txhua infantry division muaj peb. kev faib ntawm peb yim rab phom roj teeb - tag nrho ntawm 24 phom nyob rau hauv ib pab tub rog thiab 72nd battalion. Tsis zoo li lwm cov tub rog loj ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab USSR, uas muaj cov tub rog sib cais nrog cov phom me thiab loj dua (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees 105-mm thiab 150-mm howitzers, Tebchaws USA 105-mm thiab 155-mm, USSR 76,2 -mm cannons thiab 122mm howitzers), British faib tsuas muaj

25-pounder 87,6 hli howitzers.

Nyob rau hauv lub towed version, rab phom no tsis muaj ib tug retractable tus Tsov tus tw, zoo li ntau niaj hnub txawv teb chaws qauv, tab sis ib tug dav ib tug tw. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no txhais tau hais tias rab phom ntawm lub trailer muaj lub kaum sab xis me me hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, tsuas yog 4 ° nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov lus qhia (8 ° tag nrho). Qhov teeb meem no tau daws los ntawm kev nqa ib puag ncig daim thaiv txuas nrog tus Tsov tus tw hauv qab tus Tsov tus tw, uas tau muab tso rau hauv av, uas rab phom tau rub los ntawm lub tsheb laij teb ua ntej unloading. Cov ntaub thaiv npog no, uas, ua tsaug rau cov hniav tom qab, tau daig rau hauv av nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm rab phom, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tig rab phom sai sai tom qab tsa tus Tsov tus tw, uas yog qhov yooj yim, txij li qhov hnyav ntawm lub thoob ib feem sib npaug. phom phom. qab. Lub thoob tuaj yeem tsa vertically

nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm -5 ° rau +45 °.

Cov phom muaj ib txoj hlua khi ntsug, uas yooj yim rau kev qhib thiab kaw. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 6-8 rounds / min, tab sis cov qauv British tau muab rau: 5 rounds / min (qhov hluav taws kub hnyav), 4 rounds / min (high-speed fire), 3 rounds / min (qhov hluav taws kub ib txwm), 2 rounds / feeb (slow fire). hluav taws) los yog 1 rds / min (hloov hluav taws heev). Lub chim muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 26,7 cal, thiab nrog ib tug muzzle nres - 28 cal.

Ob hom propellant nqi tau siv rau rab phom. Cov hom yooj yim muaj peb lub hnab hmoov, ob qho uas tau tshem tau, uas tsim tau peb qhov sib txawv: nrog ib, ob lossis tag nrho peb lub hnab. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws kub ceev ntawm luv luv. Nrog rau tag nrho peb cov nqi, lub davhlau ntau yam ntawm tus qauv projectile hnyav 11,3 kg yog 10 m ntawm qhov pib projectile tshaj tawm ntawm 650 m / s. Nrog ob lub hnab, cov nqi no poob rau 450 m thiab 7050 m / s, thiab nrog ib lub hnab - 305 m thiab 3500 m / s. Kuj tseem muaj tus nqi tshwj xeeb rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem cov hnab hmoov. Lub davhlau dav mus txog 195 m ntawm qhov pib ceev ntawm 12 m / s.

Lub ntsiab projectile rau rab phom yog ib tug high-explosive fragmentation projectile Mk 1D. Qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev tua yog li 30 m ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub projectile hnyav 11,3 kg, thaum qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tawg hauv nws yog 0,816 kg. Feem ntau nws yog amatol, tab sis foob pob hluav taws ntawm hom no kuj qee zaum nruab nrog TNT lossis RDX tus nqi. Lub armor-piercing projectile tsis muaj explosives hnyav 9,1 kg thiab nrog ib tug zoo tib yam nqi tsim ib tug thawj ceev ceev ntawm 475 m / s, thiab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb nqi - 575 m / s. Qhov muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm armor penetration tsuas yog rau qhov no

qhov tshwj xeeb cargo.

Cov phom muaj qhov pom kev pom qhov muag rau hluav taws ncaj qha, suav nrog hluav taws tua hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev nyiam tseem ceeb yog lub npe hu ua Probert System Tshuab xam zauv, uas tso cai rau koj los laij lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub thoob tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab xam zauv qhov kev ncua deb mus rau lub hom phiaj, tshaj lossis tsis ncav cuag lub hom phiaj, nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm. ntawm rab phom thiab hom load. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaum sab xis azimuth tau qhia nrog nws, tom qab qhov pom nws tau rov pib dua nrog qib tshwj xeeb ntawm tus ntsuj plig, vim tias rab phom feem ntau sawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws thiab tau qaij. Tom qab ntawd tsa lub thoob rau ib lub kaum ntse ntse ua rau nws hloov me ntsis rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia lossis lwm qhov, thiab qhov pom no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rho tawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub deflection.

los ntawm qhov muab azimuth.

Lub azimuth, uas yog, lub kaum sab xis ntawm sab qaum teb thiab lub hom phiaj, tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim ncaj qha vim tias cov neeg tua phom ntawm cov phom tsis tuaj yeem pom lub hom phiaj. Thaum daim ntawv qhia (thiab British maps tau nto moo rau lawv qhov tseeb siab) raug txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam pem hauv ntej, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg tua phom feem ntau tsis pom, lub azimuth thiab qhov deb ntawm lub roj teeb. thiab kev soj ntsuam post. Thaum nws tuaj yeem ntsuas lub azimuth thiab qhov deb ntawm lub hom phiaj pom los ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam, lub roj teeb hais kom daws tau qhov teeb meem yooj yim trigonometric: daim duab qhia pom ob sab ntawm daim duab peb sab nrog vertices: lub roj teeb, kev soj ntsuam thiab lub hom phiaj. , thiab cov paub sab yog lub roj teeb - qhov pom thiab pom - lub hom phiaj. Tam sim no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm peb tog: lub roj teeb yog lub hom phiaj, i.e. azimuth thiab kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, raws li cov qauv trigonometric lossis graphically los ntawm kev kos ib daim duab peb sab tag nrho ntawm daim duab qhia chaw thiab ntsuas lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov ntev (qhov nrug) thib peb: roj teeb - lub hom phiaj. Raws li qhov no, kev teeb tsa angular tau txiav txim siab siv qhov pom ntawm cov phom.

Tom qab thawj salvo, cov neeg soj ntsuam cov phom loj tau hloov kho, uas cov artillerymen tau ua raws li lub rooj sib tham, txhawm rau "tua" lawv tus kheej ntawm cov hom phiaj npaj rau kev puas tsuaj. Raws nraim tib txoj kev thiab tib qhov pom tau siv rau ntawm Ordnance QF 25-pounders siv hauv Npis Sov thiab Sexton hom SPGs tau tham hauv kab lus no. Pawg Npis Sov tau siv rab phom tsis muaj lub pob ntseg, thaum Sextons siv lub pob ntseg. Qhov uas tsis muaj ib lub tshuab nres rau ntawm Npis Sov txhais tau hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws tshwj xeeb tsuas yog siv tau nrog cov cuab yeej sib tsoo.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1941, tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib rab phom tus kheej ntawm hom no siv 25-pounder Ordnance QF Mk I phom thiab chassis ntawm Valentine infantry tank. Mk II variant, tom qab siv ntawm Sexton, tsis txawv ntau - kev hloov pauv me me hauv kev tsim cov breech (tseem ntsug, kab), nrog rau qhov pom, uas siv lub peev xwm los laij cov trajectory nyob rau hauv kev txo qis (tom qab tshem lub hnab), uas tsis nyob rau ntawm Mk I. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub muzzle kuj tau hloov ntawm -8 ° rau +40 °. Qhov kev hloov pauv zaum kawg no yog qhov tseem ceeb me me rau thawj Npis Sov SPG, vim tias cov ces kaum hauv nws tau txwv rau thaj tsam ntawm -5 ° txog +15 °, uas yuav tau tham tom qab.

Lub Valentine tank tau tsim nyob rau hauv UK ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Vickers-Armstrong niam txiv Elswick Ua Haujlwm ze Newcastle tsim 2515 ntawm cov no. Ib qho ntxiv 2135 tau tsim los ntawm Vickers-tswj Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage thiab Wagon Co Ltd. ntawm nws ob lub chaw ua haujlwm, Old Park Works hauv Wednesbury thiab Washwood Heath ze ntawm Birmingham. Thaum kawg, Birmingham Railway Carriage thiab Wagon Company tsim 2205 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm hom no ntawm lawv cov nroj tsuag ntawm Smethwick ze ntawm Birmingham. Nws yog lub tuam txhab tom kawg uas tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim phom rau tus kheej raws li Valentine tso tsheb hlau luam tsim tawm ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1941.

Txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav hauv txoj kev yooj yim, uas, txawm li cas los xij, ua rau tsis muaj kev vam meej heev. Cias muab tso, es tsis txhob ntawm nws 40 hli tank turret, ib tug loj turret nrog ib tug 25-pounder 87,6 hli howitzer tau muab tso rau ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub Valentine II tank. Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, lub tshuab no zoo li KW-2, uas tau kho raws li lub tank hnyav, thiab tsis yog phom rau nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsheb hnyav hnyav Soviet tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv turret uas muaj zog 152 mm howitzer rab phom, uas muaj ntau lub zog ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv British chaw nres tsheb wagon, lub turret tsis tig, raws li nws qhov hnyav yuam kev tsim kho tshiab turret traverse mechanism.

Lub turret muaj cov cuab yeej muaj zog zoo, 60 hli nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nyob rau sab, me ntsis qis dua nyob rau tom qab, nrog lub qhov rooj dav uas qhib rau ob sab los pab txhawb kev tua. Lub ru tsev turret muaj 8 hli tuab armor. Nws yog neeg coob heev nyob rau hauv thiab, raws li nws tig tawm tom qab, tsis zoo ventilated. Lub chassis nws tus kheej muaj armor nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ib feem thiab sab nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 60 hli, thiab hauv qab muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 8 hli. Pem hauv ntej sab sauv inclined ntawv muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 30 hli, pem hauv ntej qis inclined ntawv - 20 hli, rear inclined ntawv (sab sauv thiab qis) - 17 hli. Sab saum toj ntawm lub fuselage yog 20 hli tuab ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab 10 hli tom qab, saum lub cav.

Lub tsheb tau nruab nrog AEC A190 diesel cav. Lub tuam txhab Associated Equipment (AEC), nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Southall, West London, ua cov tsheb npav, feem ntau cov tsheb npav hauv nroog, nrog cov qauv npe pib nrog "R" thiab cov npe tsheb pib nrog "M". Tej zaum qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog AEC Matador tsheb, siv los ua lub tsheb laij teb rau 139,7 hli howitzer, hom tseem ceeb ntawm British nruab nrab artillery. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tuam txhab tau txais kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. A190 yog ib txwm aspirated plaub-stroke rau-lub tog raj kheej diesel cav nrog tag nrho cov hloov ntawm 9,65 liters, 131 hp. ntawm 1800 rpm. Roj cia nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tank yog 145 l, thiab nyob rau hauv lub auxiliary tank - lwm 25 l, tag nrho 170 l Roj tank rau lub cav lubrication - 36 l Lub cav yog dej-txias, installation ntim yog 45 l.

Lub rear (ntev) lub cav tau tsav los ntawm Henry Meadows Hom 22 gearbox los ntawm Wolverhampton, UK, nrog tsib lub zog rau pem hauv ntej thiab ib lub iav rov qab. Ib tug ntau-phaj lub ntsiab clutch tau txuas nrog lub gearbox, thiab lub log tsav nyob rau tom qab muaj ib tug khub ntawm sab clutches rau kauj. Cov kauj log tau nyob pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub tsheb muaj ob lub laub ntawm txhua sab, txhua lub laub muaj peb lub log txhawb nqa. Ob lub log loj yog sab nraud, 610 hli inch, thiab plaub lub log sab hauv yog 495 hli inch. Cov kab, muaj 103 txuas, muaj qhov dav ntawm 356 hli txhua.

Vim qhov tsim ntawm lub turret, rab phom tsuas muaj qhov siab ntawm -5 ° txog +15 °. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txwv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tua ntau tshaj li ntawm 10 km xwb (peb nco ntsoov koj tias nyob rau hauv no version ntawm rab phom rau high-explosive fragmentation shells nws tsis muaj peev xwm siv tshwj xeeb propellant tsub, tab sis tsuas yog cov pa tsub) mus rau 5800 xwb. m. Txoj kev uas cov neeg coob ua ib tug me me embankment, uas twb overtaken los ntawm cov phom pem hauv ntej, ua rau nws nce kaum. Lub tsheb thauj khoom muaj cov khoom siv ntawm 32 foob pob hluav taws thiab lawv cov propellants, uas feem ntau suav tias tsis txaus, tab sis tsis muaj chaw ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, ib lub mos txwv ib leeg-qag trailer No. 27, txwv qhov hnyav txog li 1400 kg, feem ntau txuas nrog rab phom, uas tuaj yeem nqa tau 32 lub mos txwv ntxiv. Nws yog tib lub trailer uas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub towed version, qhov twg nws ua hauj lwm raws li tus progenitor (lub tsheb laij teb towed lub trailer, thiab rab phom txuas nrog lub trailer).

Npis Sov tsis muaj rab phom mounted, txawm hais tias nws tau npaj yuav nqa 7,7 hli BESA lub teeb tshuab rab phom uas tuaj yeem txuas rau lub ru tsev mount rau kev tua hluav taws. Cov neeg coob muaj plaub tus neeg: tus neeg tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub fuselage, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab peb gunners nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam: commander, gunner thiab loader. Piv nrog rau rab phom towed, ob lub mos txwv tau ploj lawm, yog li kev pabcuam phom yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau dua ntawm cov neeg coob.

Lub tuam txhab Birmingham Railway Carriage thiab Wagon Company ntawm Smethwick nyob ze ntawm Birmingham tau tsim tus Npis Sov qauv thaum Lub Yim Hli 1941 thiab sim nws thaum lub Cuaj Hli. Lawv tau ua tiav, ib yam li lub tank Valentine, lub tsheb ua pov thawj kom ntseeg tau. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev tsuas yog 24 km / h, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias lub tsheb tau tsim los ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub tank qeeb qeeb. Mileage ntawm txoj kev yog 177 km. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub Valentine tank, cov khoom siv kev sib txuas lus muaj ib tug No. 19 wireless teeb tsim los ntawm Pye Radio Ltd. los ntawm Cambridge. Lub chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua tau nruab rau hauv version "B" nrog ntau zaus ntawm 229-241 MHz, tsim los rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm ib lub rooj sib tw tsheb. Kev tua hluav taws, nyob ntawm thaj chaw, yog los ntawm 1 txog 1,5 km, uas tau dhau los ua qhov kev ncua deb tsis txaus. Lub tsheb kuj tau nruab nrog lub tsev nyob rau hauv.

Tom qab kev sim ua tiav ntawm lub tsheb qauv, uas muaj lub npe hu ua Ordnance QF 25-pdr ntawm Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, uas qee zaum raug txo kom 25-pdr Valentine (Valentine nrog 25-pounder), kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim ntawm tankers thiab gunners seb nws yog ib tug hnyav tank los yog tus kheej-propelled phom. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no yog leej twg yuav xaj lub tsheb no thiab qhov twg nws yuav mus, armored lossis artillery. Thaum kawg, cov neeg tua phom yeej, thiab lub tsheb raug txiav txim rau cov phom loj. Cov neeg siv khoom yog lub xeev lub tuam txhab Royal Ordnance, koom nrog kev muab cov tub rog Askiv sawv cev rau tsoomfwv. Ib qho kev txiav txim rau thawj 100 daim raug xa mus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941 mus rau Birmingham Railway Carriage thiab Wagon Company, uas, raws li lub npe qhia, tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom dov, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog tsim cov khoom siv armored tsheb. Qhov kev txiav txim tau nce qeeb, vim tias kev xa khoom ntawm Valentine tanks tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev muab cov phom hloov kho rau Npis Sov tau ua los ntawm Vickers Works cog hauv Sheffield, thiab txoj haujlwm tseem ua los ntawm Vickers-Armstrong taub hau cog hauv Newcastle thaum Tyne.

M7 Pov Thawj yog nyob rau ntawm 13th (Honorary Artillery Company) Field Regiment of the Royal Horse Artillery, self-propelled artillery squadron of the 11th Armored Division ntawm Italian pem hauv ntej.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1942, 80 Ordnance QF 25-pdr phom ntawm Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1 lub dav hlau thauj khoom tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog, thiab lawv tau hu ua Npis Sov sai sai los ntawm cov tub rog. Lub cannon ntauwd yog txuam nrog cov tub rog nrog ib tug miter, ib tug npis sov lub headdress ntawm ib tug zoo xws li cov duab, uas yog vim li cas lawv pib hu ua lub cannon - episcopal. Lub npe no daig thiab tom qab ntawd tau raug pom zoo. Interestingly, thaum American 7-mm self-propelled phom M105 tom qab tuaj txog, nws puag ncig lub tshuab-phom nplhaib nco ntsoov cov tub rog ntawm lub sam thiaj, yog li ntawd rab phom tau hu ua Pov Thawj. Yog li pib cov kev lig kev cai ntawm naming self-propelled phom los ntawm tus yuam sij "clerical". Thaum tus ntxaib "Tus Pov Thawj" ntawm Canadian ntau lawm tom qab tshwm sim (ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab), tab sis tsis muaj "pulpit" yam ntxwv ntawm American cannon, nws hu ua Sexton, uas yog, lub tsev teev ntuj. Tus kheej tsim 57 hli rab phom tiv thaiv tank ntawm lub tsheb tau hu ua Dean Deacon. Thaum kawg, tom qab tsov rog British 105-mm tus kheej-propelled rab phom tau hu ua Abbot - abbot.

Txawm tias muaj kev txiav txim ntxiv rau ob pawg ntawm 50 thiab 20 Npis Sov pawg, nrog rau kev xaiv rau lwm 200, lawv cov khoom lag luam tsis txuas ntxiv. Piv txwv li, rooj plaub xaus nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tsuas yog 80 daim xa tawm los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1942. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov "nrhiav" ntawm American self-propelled howitzer M7 (tus uas tom qab tau txais lub npe "Prist") ntawm lub chassis ntawm nruab nrab M3 Lee. lub tank tsim los ntawm British lub hom phiaj rau kev yuav cov tsheb armored hauv Tebchaws Meskas - British Tank Lub Hom Phiaj. Cov phom no tau ua tiav ntau dua li Npis Sov. Muaj ntau qhov chaw rau cov neeg coob thiab cov mos txwv, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov hluav taws ntsug tsis txwv, thiab lub tsheb tau nrawm dua, muaj peev xwm khiav tawm British "cruising" (high-speed) tanks hauv armored divisions.

Pov thawj txoj kev txiav txim coj mus rau kev tso tseg ntawm Npis Sov qhov kev yuav khoom ntxiv, txawm tias Pov Thawj kuj yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ib ntus, vim qhov xav tau los qhia rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam (kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, kev xa khoom) atypical American 105mm mos txwv thiab American-made cannon qhov chaw. Lub chassis nws tus kheej twb tau pib kis nyob rau hauv cov tub rog British ua tsaug rau cov khoom ntawm M3 Lee (Grant) tso tsheb hlau luam, yog li cov lus nug ntawm spare qhov chaw rau lub chassis tsis tau tsa.

Thawj chav tsev uas yuav tsum tau nruab nrog Npis Sov cov phom yog 121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. Cov tub rog no, muaj peev xwm rub tau 121-pounders, tau tawm tsam hauv Iraq hauv 25 ua tub rog ywj pheej, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941 raug xa mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws los txhawb cov tub rog xyoo 1942. Tom qab rov nruab rau Npis Sov, nws muaj ob lub roj teeb yim-thooj: 8th (275th West Riding) thiab 3rd (276th West Caij). Txhua lub roj teeb tau muab faib ua ob lub platoons, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau muab faib ua ntu ntawm ob rab phom. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11, 1942 squadron tau subordinated mus rau 121st armored brigade (nws yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug tank brigade, tab sis tseem "armored" tom qab nws cais los ntawm lub 23rd tank division, uas tsis koom nyob rau hauv hostilities), nruab nrog "Valentine. ". lub tank. Lub brigade, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib feem ntawm lub XXX corps, uas thaum lub sij hawm lub thiaj li hu. Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua thib ob ntawm El Alamein nws tau pab pawg tub rog (Australian 8th Infantry Division, British 9th Infantry Division, New Zealand 51st Infantry Division, 2nd South African Infantry Division thiab 1st Indian Infantry Division). Tom qab ntawd pawg tub rog no tau tawm tsam ntawm Maret kab hauv Lub Ob Hlis thiab Lub Peb Hlis 4, thiab tom qab ntawd tau koom nrog hauv Italian phiaj los nqis tes, tseem yog ib qho kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943, nws tau raug xa mus rau UK thiab hloov mus rau 1944 mm howitzers, yog li ntawd nws tau los ua ib pab tub rog nruab nrab.

Lub tsev thib ob ntawm Npis Sov yog 142nd (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, nruab nrog cov tsheb no hauv Tunisia thaum lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli 1943. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog no tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Sicily, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Ltalis ua ib qho kev ywj pheej. nyob rau hauv lub artillery ntawm lub 8th Army. Tsis ntev ua ntej qhov kev hloov mus los txhawb cov tub rog uas tsaws ntawm Anzio thaum ntxov 1944, pawg tub rog tau rov nruab los ntawm Npis Sov mus rau M7 Pov Thawj Phom. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov npisov tsuas yog siv los qhia. Ntxiv rau Libya, Tunisia, Sicily thiab yav qab teb Ltalis, cov phom ntawm hom no tsis koom nrog lwm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog.