Sib ntaus sib tua rau East Prussia xyoo 1945, ntu 2
Soviet infantry, txhawb nqa los ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom SU-76, tawm tsam German txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Koenigsberg.
Cov lus txib ntawm Pawg Tub Rog "North" tau siv zog los tso tawm qhov thaiv ntawm Koenigsberg thiab rov qab sib txuas lus hauv av nrog txhua pab tub rog. Sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Brandenburg (Lavxias teb sab Ushakovo), 548th Cov Neeg Grenadier Division thiab lub Great Lub teb chaws Yelemees Panzergrenadier Division tau concentrated,
uas tau siv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 30 los tawm tsam sab qaum teb raws Vistula Lagoon. Lub German 5th Panzer Division thiab 56th Infantry Division tau tawm tsam los ntawm kev tawm tsam. Lawv tswj kom yuam ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 11th Guards kom tshem tawm thiab tawg los ntawm txoj kev taug kev txog ib thiab ib nrab mais dav rau Koenigsberg, uas tau raug hluav taws los ntawm Soviet artillery.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 31, General Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky tuaj txog qhov xaus tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ntes Koenigsberg los ntawm lub Peb Hlis: Nws tau pom tseeb tias kev sib koom tes thiab npaj tsis zoo rau Koenigsberg (tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv logistical) yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej, tab sis , ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav muab sijhawm rau cov neeg German los txhim kho lawv cov kev tiv thaiv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog los rhuav tshem lub fortress ntawm lub fortress (forts, sib ntaus sib tua bunkers, fortified cheeb tsam) thiab lov tes taw lawv cov hluav taws system. Thiab rau qhov no, qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov phom loj yog xav tau - hnyav, loj thiab siab zog, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tus kheej, thiab, tau kawg, ntau cov mos txwv. Ua tib zoo npaj cov tub rog rau kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm tawg.
Lub lim tiam tom ntej, kev sib faib ntawm 11th Guards Army, "repelling the furious attacks of the Nazis," fortressed their positions and switched to their daily attacks, sim mus cuag lub shores ntawm lub Vistula Lagoon. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 6, lawv rov hla txoj kev loj, thaiv Krulevets los ntawm sab qab teb - txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, 20-30 cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv cov tuam txhab infantry. Cov tub rog ntawm 39th thiab 43rd pab tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau thawb cov yeeb ncuab sib faib sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv Sambia Peninsula, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 9, tus thawj coj ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front tau hais kom cov tub rog mus rau kev txiav txim siab tiv thaiv thiab npaj rau kev tawm tsam.
Hauv qhov chaw, cov tub rog thib 5 thiab 28 tau nce siab hauv Kreuzburg (Lavxias teb sab: Slavskoe) - Preussish Eylau (Ilava Pruska, Lavxias: Bagrationovsk) txoj siv; nyob rau sab laug flank, 2nd Guards thiab 31st Army, tau yuam Lyna, tsiv mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab ntes cov nodes ntawm tsis kam Legden (Lavxias teb sab Zoo), Bandel thiab txoj kev loj hlws ris Landsberg (Gurovo Ilavetske). Los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob, cov tub rog ntawm Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky nias rau Germans. Txiav tawm ntawm thaj av loj, Lidzbar-Warmian yeeb ncuab pawg tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog cov Germans tsuas yog ntawm cov dej khov ntawm lub pas dej thiab txuas ntxiv raws Vistula Spit mus rau Gdansk. Cov ntoo npog ntawm "lub neej txhua hnub" tso cai rau kev txav ntawm lub tsheb. Cov neeg tawg rog coob coob tau raug coj mus rau hauv dej nyab hauv ib kem kawg.
Lub nkoj German tau ua haujlwm cawm tsis tau pom dua, siv txhua yam uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv av. Txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Ob Hlis, 1,3 lab ntawm 2,5 lab tus neeg nyob hauv tau khiav tawm ntawm East Prussia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Kriegsmarine tau muab kev txhawb nqa phom loj rau cov tub rog hauv av hauv kev taw qhia ntawm ntug hiav txwv thiab tau koom nrog kev hloov cov tub rog. Lub Baltic Fleet ua tsis tau tejyam ua txhaum lossis txawm cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb ncuab sib txuas lus.
Hauv plaub lub lis piam, feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm East Prussia thiab sab qaum teb Poland raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog German. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog kwv yees li 52 4,3 tus neeg raug kaw. tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ntes ntau dua 569 txhiab phom thiab mortars, XNUMX lub tank thiab phom phom.
Cov tub rog German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia raug txiav tawm ntawm tus so ntawm Wehrmacht thiab muab faib ua peb pawg cais ntawm ib leeg. Thawj, suav nrog plaub pawg, tau nyem rau hauv hiav txwv Baltic ntawm Sambia Peninsula; qhov thib ob, suav nrog ntau tshaj tsib pawg, nrog rau cov chav nyob ntawm lub fortress thiab ntau chav nyob sib cais, tau nyob ib puag ncig hauv Königsberg; Qhov thib peb, muaj li ntawm nees nkaum kev faib ntawm 4th Army thiab 3rd Panzer Army, nyob rau hauv lub Lidzbarsko-Warminsky fortified cheeb tsam, nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Krulevets, nyob ib ncig ntawm 180 km dav nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab thiab 50 km tob. .
Kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub npog ntawm Berlin tsis raug tso cai los ntawm Hitler, uas tau sib cav tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm fortified thaj chaw muab los ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab tawv ncauj tiv thaiv thiab tawg pawg ntawm German pab tub rog nws yuav ua tau rau forge loj heev rog ntawm German. cov tub rog. Cov tub rog liab tau ntev, uas yuav tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev xa rov qab mus rau Berlin kev taw qhia. Lub Soviet Supreme High Command, nyob rau hauv lem, xav tias kev tso tawm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub 1st Baltic thiab 3rd Belorussian fronts rau lwm yam dej num tsuas yog ua tau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub ceev thiab txiav txim siab liquidation ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no.
Feem ntau ntawm German generals tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qhov Hitlerian logic no. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky tsis pom lub ntsiab lus hauv Stalin qhov kev thov: "Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, thaum East Prussia raug cais tawm ntawm sab hnub poob, nws muaj peev xwm tos kom tshem tawm cov pab pawg tub rog German nyob ib puag ncig ntawd, thiab vim li cas. mus rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tsis muaj zog 2nd Belorussian pem hauv ntej, ceev cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Berlin kev taw qhia. Berlin yuav poob ntau sai dua. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm txiav txim siab, kaum pab tub rog tau nyob los ntawm East Prussian pab pawg (...) Kev siv cov tub rog zoo li no tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab (...), nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw uas qhov kev txiav txim siab tshwm sim. , nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Berlin kev taw qhia, tsis muaj qab hau.
Thaum kawg, Hitler yog txoj cai: ntawm kaum yim Soviet pab tub rog koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm ntawm German ntug dej hiav txwv choj, tsuas yog peb txoj kev tswj hwm los koom nrog "kev sib ntaus sib tua loj" ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1945.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 6, cov tub rog ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Baltic Fronts, thaiv cov pab pawg tub rog Kurland, tau subordinated rau 2nd Baltic Front nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Marshal L. A. Govorov. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntes Koenigsberg thiab tshem tawm tag nrho Sambian Peninsula ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm 1st Baltic Front, txib los ntawm Army General Ivan Ch. Bagramyan, uas tau pauv los ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front mus rau peb pab tub rog: 11th Guards, 39th thiab 43th thiab 1st tank corps. Nyob rau hauv lem, Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 9 tau txais ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev hloov ntawm plaub pab tub rog mus rau General ntawm cov tub rog Ivan Dmitrievich Chernyakhovsky: lub 50th, 3rd, 48th thiab 5th Guards Tank. Nyob rau tib hnub, General Chernyakhovsky tau txiav txim, tsis pub cov Germans lossis nws cov tub rog tau so, kom ua tiav kev swb ntawm 20th Army ntawm General Wilhelm Muller los ntawm infantry tsis pub dhau Lub Ob Hlis 25-4.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, - nco qab Lieutenant Leonid Nikolayevich Rabichev, - ob peb cov tub rog German thiab cov tub rog tau poob ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab pib poob kev sib ntaus sib tua vim kev qaug zog heev. Chernihovsky tau hais kom ua ntej, cov thawj coj - cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, corps thiab faib - kuj tau txiav txim, Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau mus vwm, thiab tag nrho cov tub rog, cais cov tub rog, cov tub rog thiab cov tuam txhab trotted ntawm qhov chaw. Thiab tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau yuam cov tub rog uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua mus rau pem hauv ntej, lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cuag tau ze li sai tau, lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog tau tsim yuav luag nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog, thiab lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog. cov kev faib mus rau hauv lub regiments. Cov thawj coj tau sim tsa cov tub rog thiab cov tuam txhab sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm nws, txog thaum lub sijhawm tuaj txog thaum ob peb thiab cov tub rog German raug ntes los ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov Germans thim rov qab li peb kilometers, thiab peb nres.
