Npuag
Lawv txwv kev txav ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Lawv cia lawv nyob ntawm txoj kev deb. Lawv tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab ua rau kom muaj kev nplij siab ntawm kev tsav tsheb.
Qhov no yog ib qho kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm ntau hom bumpers feem ntau ua los ntawm roj hmab. Lawv siv, tshwj xeeb, hauv 
tsheb qhov rooj, hauv qab lub hood, hauv lub cev thiab hauv kev ncua. Lub qhov rooj thiab lub hau yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev uas lawv muaj zog thaum lawv kaw. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lub hau tuaj yeem tuav tau zoo dua, nws tsis tuaj yeem vibrate, ua suab nrov, thiab tom qab tso lub latch, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav bumper ua rau nws yooj yim qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib co bumpers (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsia nyob rau hauv lub hood thiab lub cev), kev daws teeb meem yog siv los hloov lawv qhov siab thiab yog li ntawd lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam.
Nyob rau hauv ncua kev kawm ntawv, bumpers, piv txwv li compression stroke limiters, txwv lub deflection ntawm nplooj springs, coil springs los yog caj npab txuam nrog torsion tuav thaum lawv yog compressed, absorbing loj zog nyob rau hauv ib tug me me txoj kev. Elastic cushions ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev poob siab absorbers, sab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav helical, nrog rau ntawm lub qag tsev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov compression limiters, kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus uas txwv qhov qis qis ntawm lub log, i.e. thaum stretching ncua kev kawm ntawv. Hauv cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau, cov hauv ncoo ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb no yog nyob rau hauv kev poob siab absorbers lossis cov kab qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim kuj siv los ua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxiv. Piv nrog rau cov pa mus txawv tebchaws, kev ncua kev mus ncig yog ntau dua thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv softer. Ua los ntawm roj hmab los yog polyurethane elastomer. Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv lub pores ntawm lub elastomer yog compressed thaum lub elastic keeb yog deformed, uas tso cai rau nws mus rau kis loj compressive rog. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsim nyog ntxiv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais yuav luag txhua yam kev ncua kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Bumpers yog mechanically puas los yog poob lawv elasticity raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm gradual aging ntawm cov khoom uas lawv tau ua.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov cov pob tawg puas ntsoog raws li lub teeb, txij li ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuag peb muaj cov ntsiab lus nrog tib lub zog elastic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm adjustable fenders, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev laus zuj zus ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo, tsawg kawg yog ib feem, los ntawm kev hloov lawv active qhov siab.
